Writing Task 2: Online learning and real school

Some people say that online learning is the most effective and convenient way to learn. Others say that online learning will never be as effective as learning at a real school, in person. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.

Children learn in many ways. Nowadays, parents seem to question themselves on whether to enroll their young ones in an online computer for learning or in a real school where actual teacher is available. Both of these ways can have certain advantages but its drawbacks should also be considered. These ways of learning will be analyzed.

Firstly, majority of the young population these days prefer to learn online. The lessons here are updated and can be repeatedly read anytime or anywhere until they understand the topics. Furthermore, parents can save more money and time as they will no longer prepare packed foods for their children’s lunch or even spending for the fares in traveling to and from the school. For the same reason, children also no longer need to dress up as they will just be confined inside their home. As a result, they will develop sedentary lifestyle which can be a problem later on. Also, children in this way of learning will not have the opportunity to interact with the other children and can potentially develop depression at an early age or even in the later years. Nevertheless, some parents still choose this kind of learning for their children.

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Signpost Words: Indicating stages in a process and Introducing examples

How do we indicate a stage in a process? We can use the signpost words below:

first; second; third; to begin with; next; following this; another; in addition; concurrently; simultaneously; meanwhile; in the meantime; moreover; subsequently; consequently; before that; earlier; previously; by that time; at last, after that; at length; finally; in conclusion; to conclude

And to introduce examples the following words might be useful

that is to say; in other words; for example; for instance; namely; an example of this is; as in the following examples; such as; particularly; in particular; especially; notably; chiefly; mainly

How to show conditions?

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Signpost Words: Adding more, Reinforcing and Conceding a point

If we want to add more to a point already made, or introduce a new point, the following words or phrases might be useful

besides; consequently; correspondingly; following this; further; furthermore; in addition; indeed; in fact; in regard to; in the meantime; in the same way; in reality; in respect to; moreover; neither...nor; not only...but also; respecting;
above all; again; also; as a consequence; as for; as to; as well as;  regarding; similarly; subsequently; then again; too; what is more

But if we would like to reinforce a point, or state it in a different way, we might use the following words

in view of this; in other words; to put it more simply; with this in mind; that is to say

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Writing Task 2 : Home schooling or education at school

A very nice example of writing task-2 sent by Nina

Every picture tells a story, so do with people who have studied at home or school. They will have their own thought. In my view, it is certainly better to have a formal education system at school instead of at home due to many disadvantages of home schooling.

Getting education at school will instil students to be more disciplined. They will be taught on how to manage their time wisely, the importance of mutual respect among students and teachers or among themselves, and the importance of team-building in groups of a community. Education at school that packed with activities will inculcate the students to have their own commitment to certain things. They manage to balance their own time wisely eitheir on their studies or other responsibilties. Be it, to respect each other. As people will only respect us if we do respect others. Instead, people who favours home schooling will never get close with all these aspects. They will take it as a single thing that just can be ignored easily. Perhaps, they will have a bulk of leisure time that will be wasted on the dot if there is no stern supervision by parents. In addition, students will be exposed to many kind of other activities that have no benefit for themselves. For example, facebook, the social-network service which is widely used by youngsters to connect themselves to another.

Besides, student who studies at school may experience the worth of friendship. They will be encountered to many people who is different to each other. They will face many kind of behaviours and this will make their life become mature days by days. Differ in people who spend their time at home, they will have problem to start a conversation, and having difficulty in their surrounding environment.

To sum it up, getting education at school is much better than home schooling based on the reasons above. By that, I conclude that school will be the first place for students to gain their knowledge.

(343 words)-nina-

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Steps in writing a discussion essay

There are some useful steps to make an effective discussion essay. The steps are also important in the real exam where you can manage your time effectively. The first step is to build a home consisting our main ideas or mind map in which the topic sentence are expanded into more details to support the author's arguments. As an example, this post will try to respond to the following question:

Can a country keep its traditional way of life and develop? Or does development necessarily mean a change in traditions?

The picture below shows how we can develop a home to respond to that question.

Now we can expand those ideas to write an essay. We will present the results on the next postings..

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General English: Describing a place

BALI, The Island of The Gods

When you say ‘Bali’, most westerners will think of paradise tourism. Bali is a famous beautiful island known as ‘The Island of The Gods’.

Bali is located between Java and Lombok. It has an area of 5620 square km. The island is dramatically mountainous. Gunung Agung, known as The Mother Mountain, is over 3000 m high. Bali has four lakes: Lake Batur, which is located in Kintamani, and Lake Buyan, Lake Tamblingan, and Lake Beratan, which are located in the Bedugul area. Other famous natural things of Bali are its beaches. Kuta Beach is the widest beach where you can surf, swim, and watch the sunset. At Sanur Beach you can canoe, parasail, or look at the sunrise while At Tulamben you can snorkel and dive. Another beach is Lovina Beach, which is located in Buleleng, where you can see dolphins in the morning.

Bali is densely populated with approximately 3.1 million people. Most of its citizens are concentrated in Denpasar, the capital of Bali. Bali has 9 regencies i.e. Denpasar, Jembrana, Tabanan, Klungkung, Karangasem, Bangli, Badung, Gianyar, and Buleleng. Ninety percent of its people are Hindus. Therefore, there are many sea temples e.g. Tanah Lot Temple and Luhur Ulu Watu Temple, and traditional ceremonies such as Ngaben, Nyepi, and Galungan. Each temple has its own birthday festival known as Odalan. Ngaben is a cremation ceremony. Nyepi is the New Year’s Day for Hindus when they celebrate by keeping silent. Thus, there should be no fire/ light, no travel/ walking, no entertainment, no work, and Hindus is suggested to fast.

The average temperature hovers around 30 degree Celcius all year. There are two seasons in Bali i.e. the wet season and the dry season. The wet season runs from October and lasts on March while the dry season runs from April and lasts on September.

There’s very little manufacturing industry in Bali, so industrial pollution is not a big problem. Amongst all the industries, tourism accounts for about one-third of Bali’s formal economy.

Bali has some traditional food such as lawar, spit-roasted pig, Betutu Chicken, and Siobak. Those foods are all spicy. There are also snake fruits and salted peanuts that you can find in supermarkets or traditional markets.

Regrettably, Bali has limited public transportation. Still, we can travel to many places by taxi, car, motorbike or minibus. So, if you were looking for a tropical island holiday, then Bali would be well worth a visit.

Prepared by Arima and Ady ADS6mE

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Describing a process: Making Chocolate

The writing example below is an example of writing task 1 in IELTS test. Unfortunately, we could not provide the picture of the process.

The first diagram illustrates the process of making chocolate. The process begins with cocoa grinding, in which cocoa seeds are grinded to produce cocoa liquor. It also results waste products. Then, cocoa liquor either is pressed become cocoa powder and sold to food industry or is pressed become cocoa butter. Next, industrial chocolate is made from cocoa liquor or cocoa butter. Finally, sugar and other ingredients are added to refine the industrial chocolate and produce chocolate bar.

The second diagram shows how is the proportion from the retail price of a chocolate bar divided up. The pie chart indicates that the farmer who provides the raw material receive only 4% of the retail price. The supermarket, on the other hand, receives 34%. A rather small 10% due to the chocolate company while 15% is taken by the government in the form of taxes. The cost of overheads and production, make up the largest proportion, 37% of the retail price of a chocolate bar.

Submitted by Ady (ADS6mE, 2006)

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Some Idioms

Below are some idioms to make your speaking more fluent, more natural as well as easier to understand what native speakers say.

• crack the books = start studying
• cut class = miss school
• feel at home = feel comfortable or relaxed
• keep an eye on = watch carefully
• homesick = sad at being away from home or things that are familiar
• get under someone's skin = annoy or bother someone
• stay-at-home mom = a mother who doesn't have a job outside the home
• fill up on = become full
• whip up = quickly prepare

Can you make a sentence for each idiom? Drop your ideas on the comment tool.

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Writing Task 2: Home schooling

An example of writing task 2 in IELTS test that tries to respond to a question as to which one is better home schooling or formal education at school.

There are many arguments for and against school as the best place for education. Some people believe that education at home is more effective in many ways. On the other hand, education practitioners think that school is the most suitable place to educate children. I certainly agree that formal education at school is better due to its advantages and some limitations of home schooling.
Firstly, it is hard to make a good control in home education in view of the fact that parents mostly spend their time at workplace. Children tend to waste their time to leisure activity that is not useful or inappropriate to the aims of their study if there is not an adequate control. In contrast, school can organize student’s need in study as well as their extra curricular or outdoor activities. Moreover, school always have a rule for students to keep them on the right track of the study.
Secondly, school provide a fixed curriculum to set up student’s objectives. Furthermore, the curriculum has been regularly examined to fit into student’s necessity, including how to relate theory to the real life. It follows that school give more balance between theory and practice than home education.
Another reason to consider would be that the study approach at school has changed. Parents are too likely to blame schools for the creativity limitations of their children. In fact, the learning methods that are adopted from modern education and recently used have applied to develop student’s creativity and independence.
Finally, education at school can assist students to reach a maximum achievement. School can give many advantages to students that can insure their future. It is indeed what parents need to educate their children.
(283 words)

Submitted by Riska C, ADS 2005

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Writing Task 2: Computer a Hindrance?

Below is an example of IELTS writing task 2. The question is about whether computer is a hindrance or a help.

It is frequently asserted that computer is more a hindrance than a help, while some people still contend that these modern tools are indispensable. It is my contention that in some ways computers are unhelpful. However, the advantages of computers, in my view, largely outweigh the drawbacks.

There are a number of presumptions that computers are a hindrance, yet some of them are true. It should be noted that the advance of technology not only develop the positive sides but also the negative ones. For many, computer viruses are created to make difficulties to users. As a result, the important data will be lost if the users cannot manage well. Another example is that there are lots of hackers that are eager to take advantages in this field. Consequently, if companies who have online systems, such as banks, etc, do not aware of this problem, a number of financial frauds will be occurred.

Along with these disadvantages, however, computers can provide effectiveness in many ways. People can enhance their productivity in daily work because computers can quicken their work instead of using manual methods. Moreover, many online systems, such as banks, to continue the example from the previous paragraph, are reliant on these tools. The Internet, in addition, indeed needs computers to be applied and developed. This necessarily follows that without computers the improvement in technology will level off.

To conclude, in spite of having many drawbacks, I certainly believe that computers have taken a profoundly important part, and hence these tools play a crucial role in human lives.

(258 words)
Submitted by Roni Wahyudi, Canberra

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Writing Task1: Useful Words

Some useful words in IELTS writing task 1 that can be used especially in describing charts and graphs.

Expressing Ups :
rocket, soar, improve, bound/ bounce, rise, grow, escalate, increase, above trend, levitate, shoot up, jump up, surge, enhance, climb, upwards, hike/ boom, leap/ leapt.

Expressing Downs:
plunged, crash down, tumble, fall (down), fall over, collide, decrease, shrink, sink, drop, jump, down, dive, turn down, decline, reduce, descend, plummet

Other Expressions
hover, stay close, constant, remain stable, linger, hang around, went ups and downs, fluctuate, turn around, rotate/ revolve, reach the peak/ climax, recover, reach the lowest point, hit a low/ the highest point, dip, by pass, take over/ took over, overtake

Adverbs
approximately, steady, slowly, slightly, fairly, moderately, subsequently, significantly, suddenly, sharply/ rapidly, dramatically, quickly, erratically, irregularly, gradually, restlessly, simultaniously, fitfully

Please add more from your collections!!

Submitted by: Roni Wahyudi, Canberra

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The Continuous

We use continuous forms for actions and happenings that have started but not finished. Stative verbs are not normally used in this way.

Think
When think means ‘believe’ or ‘have an opinion’, we do not use the continuous:
- I think Ady is Balinese, but I’m not sure. (not I am thinking)
- What do you think about my plan? (= What is your opinion)
When think means ‘consider’, the continuous is possible:
- I’m thinking about you. I often think about it
- Ady is thinking of giving up his job. (=he is considering it)

Am/is/are being
We use am/is/are being to say how somebody is behaving.
He is being = He is behaving / He is acting. Compare
- I can’t understand why he’s being so selfish. He isn’t usually like that. (being selfish = behaving selfishly at the moment)
- He never thinks about other people. He is very selfish. (not he is being) (= He is selfish generally, not only at the moment)

See, hear, smell, taste
We normally use the present simple (not continuous) with these verbs:
- Do you see that man over there? (not are you saying)
- This room smells. Let’s open a window.
We often use can + see/hear/smell/taste
- I can hear a strange noise. Can you hear it?

Look, feel
We can use the present simple or continuous to say how somebody looks or feels now:
- You look well today. OR. You are looking well today.
- How do you feel now? OR. How are you feeling now?
But
- I usually feel tired in the morning. (not I am usually feeling)

References:
1. A concise grammar for English Language Teachers (ELT G 0055)
2. Oxford Practice Grammar (ELT G 0035)
3. English Grammar in Use (ELT G 0052)

Submitted by Ady, ADS6ME 2006

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Dynamic Verbs

Verbs that relate to activity or change are called dynamic verbs.

Dynamic verbs – durative (continuous act)
Verbs such as live, work, rain, stay, talk, sleep, study, sing, teach are durative because they give no indication of their duration/termination. This property becomes most noticeable when the difference between the present perfect simple and continuous is almost neutralised by the aspect of continuity within the verb itself.
1. We have lived here for 10 years
2. We have been living here for 10 years
What is the difference in meaning, if any, between two sentences above?
Typically (with durative verbs) the perfect simple conveys finality or achievement, e.g. in the first sentence the speaker may well be about to move house. It is also often used to focus on the person rather than activity. The perfect continuous, on the other hand, is more often employed for focussing on the duration and the activity itself, and implies future continuity.

Dynamic verbs – punctual (single/repetitive act)
Verbs such as jump, slam, throw, kick, nod, and stab, depict momentary events.
Used in the continuous aspect they indicate repetition,
e.g. Robbie was kicking the ball.
The simple form requires context to convey once-off or repetitive action,
e.g. Robbie kicked the ball to David; Robby kicked the ball around.
Explain the two errors using grammatical terminology and suggesting a reason for student’s writing below.
Also, in Spain I was working 2 years as a tour guide after finish my tourism studies. Later I…
The past continuous has been used erroneously; there is no simultaneous or background event so the past simple is required. The first language would appear to have an imperfect tense, which the student thinks approximates to the past continuous in English. After is a preposition and therefore must be followed by a noun or phrase, or in this case a gerund (-ing form used a noun), finishing. (After could also be a conjunction in a time clause, e.g. after I finished my studies.)

References:
A concise grammar for English Language Teachers (ELT G 0055)
Oxford Practice Grammar (ELT G 0035)
English Grammar in Use (ELT G 0052)

Submitted by Ady, ADS6ME 2006

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Static Verbs

When verbs have a stative sense it usually cannot occur in a continuous tense.
The lists of verbs that have or can have a stative sense are shown below.
1. Mental and emotional states
Believe, doubt, feel (opine), imagine, know, like, love, hate, prefer, realize, remember, see (understand), think (opine), want, wish
2. Senses
Appear, hear, look (seem), see, smell, sound, taste
3. Reactions etc.
(dis)agree, deny, impress, mean, promise, satisfy, surprise
4. Description, possessions, etc.
Be, belong, concern, consist, contain, depend, deserve, fit, include, involve, lack, matter, need, owe, own, possess, weigh (have weight)

The examples below show that the verb like is always stative, but think can be used statively or dynamically.

1. I am liking you (X)
2. I am thinking you are nice (X)
3. I think you are nice
4. I am thinking about it

The sentence “He is being cold” may or may not be acceptable, why?
In this case it’s really the adjective cold that has a stative or dynamic meaning, linked with be.
If it refers to temperature or sensation then the sentence is unacceptable because with that sense be is also stative and may not be used in the continuous aspect.
If cold means unfriendly, in fact showing unfriendliness through some activity, then be is dynamic and is correctly used in the continuous aspect.

References:
A concise grammar for English Language Teachers (ELT G 0055)
Oxford Practice Grammar (ELT G 0035)
English Grammar in Use (ELT G 0052)

Submitted by Ady, ADS6ME 2006

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Writing Task 2: Creative Artists

This is an example of IELTS writing Task 2, which tries to answer the following question:

Creative artists should always be given the freedom to express their own ideas (in words, pictures, music or film) in whichever way they wish. There should be no government restrictions on what they do. To what extent do you agree with this statement?

There are some who argue that giving freedom in expressing ideas can create harmful effects, while others contend that this is somewhat questionable. It is my contention that the freedom to express ideas should be given due to the fact that creative arts are generally created in situations without pressure. Moreover, the government should not impose limitations because this is against human right to express ideas.
It is undoubtedly accepted that inspiration and imagination will naturally flow if there is lots of space to think and work. In other words, no restriction on what people do will create something new, innovative, and interesting, which people call creative arts. As a result, this will produce more attractive arts in the form of music, film, poetry, pictures, etc, which people can enjoy in their leisure time to relieve their boredom and tension.
In addition, it makes little sense if the government applies restrictions on what artists do. I tend to think that this is against the human right to express ideas. The fact of the matter is that many countries, nowadays, make an effort to show that they are democratic countries. Furthermore, arts can be one way to criticise many social issues as well as government policies. It follows that imposing limitations on such things will reduce the value of democracy.
On the other hand, I can accept that such freedom can create harmful effects. Sometimes, artists lose their control – take pornography, racial songs and provocative caricature, for examples. However, it seems to me that professional and creative artists know what should they do to maintain their image.
To conclude, although the freedom to express ideas can create some negative effects, I certainly believe that there will be many wonderful and attractive arts due to the freedom to express ideas. Therefore, there should be no restrictions on arts.
(306 words)

This work was corrected by my EAP teacher at IALF Bali.

Submitted by Ady Wirawan, ADS6ME, 2006

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Writing Task 2: Traditional vs International Music

This is an example of IELTS writing task 2, and tries to answer question:

...why music is important and which one is more important, traditional or international music

In many countries, music has become a part of human lives. There are many kinds of music from traditional music to international music. This essay seeks to show the reasons why people need music and that music is a universal art so that traditional music is as important as international music.

There are a number of reasons why people indeed need music. First, music is a part of entertainment. Hearing music can make people more relaxed as well as relieve their tension and boredom. Furthermore music can affect our emotion. In other words, it can influence our feelings. Therefore, it can be one way to retain happy or sad stories.

It is undoubtedly accepted that music is a universal art. This means that traditional music is as important as international music. However, both types of music have positive and negative sides. On one hand, the traditional music of the country can show an identity of that country. The fact of the matter is that traditional music is a part culture and can show the uniqueness of the country – take Balinese traditional music, for example. However, young people sometimes think that traditional music is less interesting due to the influence of modernization. On the other hand, international music is widely known due to the fact that it uses international language that can be understood in many countries. In addition, it offers a simple and attractive type of music. However, this music cannot show the uniqueness or identity of a country.

To conclude, there are many reasons to explain why we need music. Moreover, all types of music have their positive and negative aspects, thus the importance is the same.

(278 words)
This writing was corrected by my EAP teacher at IALF Bali.

Submitted by Ady Wirawan, ADS6ME, 2006

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Writing Task 2: Alternatives to Fossil Fuels

This is an example of IELTS writing Task 2, which tries to answer the question:

...to what extent do you agree that exploring and finding safe alternatives to fossil fuels should be the most important global priotity ?

There are some who argue that using coal and oil to generate electricity is undoubtedly an effective method. However, others still contend that burning these fuels has many harmful effects on the environment. This essay seeks to show that exploring and developing safe alternatives to fossil fuels should be the first global priority today due to many benefits especially for the future.

Nowadays, fossil fuels have been exploited widely as sources of energy especially in generating electricity. Fortunately, these sources are still available, in which some countries even have abundant supplies. In addition, these sources have already been used for a long time and thus the processes and procedures are well known. Economically, this technique is more effective because it is not necessary to develop new technology. It has also created many industries and involves lots of employees.

Along with these benefits, however, using fossil fuels as a source of energy has caused many negative consequences for the environment. The burning of these fuels has increased greenhouse gases that have contributed to global warming. This means that we need safe alternatives to fossil fuels to save our future. For instance, the exploration of hydropower and solar power as a source of energy has been applied in some countries. This is an eco-friendly method and can provide lots of energy. Another method to consider is nuclear power. Although it was preceded by some accidents, nuclear power is by far safer and cheaper as well as able to provide unlimited energy. It necessarily follows that the exploration and development of safe alternatives to fossil fuels is the most important thing today.

In conclusion, although the supplies of fossil fuels are still enough in many countries, I believe that using safe alternatives to fossil fuels can insure the sustainability of our environment and rescue our next generations.
(304 words)

This work was corrected by my EAP teacher at IALF Bali.
Submitted by Ady Wirawan, ADS6ME, 2006

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Describing Graphs: Books Bought

Below is an example of IELTS writing task 1, especially on how to describe a chart or graph. Inspite of having no picture, I hope the experssion, structure, vocabulary and connecting words used are still worthwhile.

The graph indicates the average number of books bought per person per year from 1960 to 1990. Over the 30-year period, the trends were upward. The number of paperbacks bought was always above the hardback ones. The paperback books rose erratically from 20 in 1960 to nearly 40 in 1990. The hardback books, on the other hand, showed a steadily increase from 1960 to 1975, followed by a slight fall in 1980, before rising again to nearly 10 in 1990.

The bar chart shows the number of books bought, divided into five types i.e. biography, history, self-help, political and religious. From 1960 to 1990, there was a decidedly upward trend of self-help books bought, from only about 2 in 1960, reaching a peak at 30 in 1980, before standing at roughly 27 in 1990. In contrast, political books, which was quiet high at about 20 in the first ten years, dropped considerably to 8 in 1975 and remained steady until 1990. The religious books bought showed a decline in the first decade from 23 to 13, before climbing sightly to nearly 17 in 1990. Biography and history books, which were quiet popular in the first year, decreased gradually and hovered at less than 5.

Overall, the number of books bought over 30 years was upward, and the self-help books became more popular than biography and history.


(226 words)
This writing was corrected by my EAP teacher at IALF Bali.
Submitted by Ady Wirawan, ADS6ME, 2006

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Describing Charts: Cigarette Advertising

Below is an example of IELTS writing task 1, especially on how to describe a chart or graph. Inspite of having no picture, I hope the experssion, structure, vocabulary and connecting words used are still worthwhile.

The bar chart indicates the expenditure on cigarette advertising per media in Indonesia from 1995 to 2005. In general, there was a decline in expenditure. National newspaper and national TV were the two highest media in advertising expenditure, and both decreased significantly over the eleven-year period. Consumer magazines and local newspaper showed a slight fall, however consumer magazines had the highest amount of about 9.5 million dollars in 2005. National radio and network radio show a stable amount of advertising expenditure and show a significant decline to nearly zero in 2005. Cable TV and the Internet, however, showed an increase, even the Internet shot up more than 400% in advertising expenditure.

The line graph shows the comparison of male and female smokers in Indonesia from 1995 to 2005. Over the eleven-year period, the trends were obviously downward. The decline of male smokers was significant, of more than 50%. Female smokers showed a slight decrease and in 2005, the gap between male and female smokers was only about 10%.

Overall, there was a correlation between the amount of expenditure on smoking advertisements and the decline in the number of smokers.

(189 words)
This writing was corrected by my EAP teacher at IALF Bali.
Submitted by Ady Wirawan, ADS 6ME, 2006

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Describing a process: Camera

In IELTS writing task 1, sometimes we are asked to describe a process. Here, I present an example of how to describe the development of the camera. Unfortunately, I cannot present the diagram or picture, but we can learn the expression, structure, and connecting word used.
---------------------------------

The diagrams illustrate how the camera has developed since its invention in 1893. Basically, the design of all cameras is similar. They consist of two main parts i.e. body and lens.

There are some considerable similarities between all cameras. The shape of all cameras from the Daguerrotype to the Digital camera is roughly rectangular. Another similarity is the lenses on the front of the cameras, which are cylindrical in shape.

The development of the camera from 1839 to 2000 is characterized by a number of significant differences. First, the structure of the cameras has considerably changed. The first camera is made of wood, the 1888 Kodak No.1 and 1925 Leica 1 are made of metal, and the 2000 Digital camera is made of plastic. Second, the size of the cameras has gradually become smaller. The 1839 Daguerrotype is 36 cm in length, while the Kodak and Leica are approximately half the size of the first one, and the Digital camera is only 8 cm in length. Finally, the features of the cameras have also developed from the simple to the more complex types, which have LCD screens, Internet connections and zoom lenses.

Overall, although the basic concept of the camera has remained the same since it was invented, there have been many changes in the development of the camera.

(219 words)
This work was corrected by my EAP teacher at IALF Bali.
Submitted by Ady Wirawan, ADS 6ME, 2006

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